Carloman of the Franks King of the Franks
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Abt 751
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Pepin III, "The Short" of Franks King of Franks (0715-0768)
Mother: Bertrada II of Laon ( -0783)
Casimir III the Great
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: 1370
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Wladislaus (Wladyslaw) I the Short (Ell-high) of POLAND Lokietek (Abt 1260-1333)
Mother: Jadwiga of WIELKOPOLSKA ( - )
Spouses and Children
1. *Anna ( Aldona Ona) Gediminaite , Queen of Poland (After 1309 - 26 May 1339)
Marriage: 1325
Status:
Children:
1. Elzbieta (Elizabeth) , Duchess of Pomerania ( - )
2. Cunigunda (Kunegunda) of Poland ( -1357)
2. Adelheid of Hessen (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: Unknown
Status:
3. Jadwiga of Glogow and Sagan (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: 1365
Status:
4. Christina (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: Unknown
Status:
Notes
General:
Casimir III or the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland, son of King Wladyslaw I Lokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Great Poland.
Casimir the Great married firstly Anna, or Aldona Ona, the daughter of the prince of Lithuania, Gediminas. Their daughters were Cunigunda (d 1357), who was married to Louis VI the Roman, son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Elisabeth, who was married to Duke Bogislaus V of Pomerania. Casimir then married Adelheid of Hessen, and this was the start of his bigamous marriage career. He divorced Adelheid in 1356, married a lady named Christina, divorced her, and fourthly (when at least Adelheid and possibly also Christina were alive) c 1365 married Jadwiga of Glogow and Sagan. His daughters with the fourth wife, very young, were also regarded as a dubious legitimacy because of the bigomy. We are assuming, as two of the wives were still living, that this constituted bigomy in the eyes of the church.
When Casimir, the last Piast king of Poland, died in 1370, his nephew King Louis I of Hungary succeeded him as King of Poland in personal union with Hungary.
The Great King
Casimir is the only Polish king who did receive and maintain the title of the great in Polish history (Boleslaw I Chrobry was once also called the great, but not today), and the title is well deserved. When he received the crown, his hold on it was in danger, as even his neighbours did not recognise his title and instead called him "king of Kraków". The economy was ruined, and country was depopulated and tired with wars. When he left the country, it has doubled in size (mostly through joining lands in today's Ukraine, then Duchy of Halicz), grew prosperous, wealthy and had great prospects to the future. Although he is depicted as a peaceful king in children books, he in fact waged many victorious wars and was preparing other ones just before he died.
He built many new castles, reformed the Polish army and Polish civil and criminal law. At the Sejm in Wislica, March 11, 1347, he introduced salutary legal reforms in the jurisprudence of his country. He sanctioned a code of laws for Great and Little Poland, which gained for him the title of "the Polish Justinian"; and he also limited the interest rate charged by Jewish money-lenders to Christians to 8 per cent per annum, while a 108-180% was previously common (owing to extremely high and unstable inflation rates, significantly lower interest rates would result in net losses for the lender. For example, in 1264 the King of Austria had capped Jewish money-lenders' interest rates at 8 dinars on the talent, approximately 170% at the time). This measure was passed after consistent pressure by the szlachta of the Sejm (who were primary clients of Jewish money-lenders). This measure was to the detriment of the King, who later affirmed that Jews be allowed to loan on interest as "property" of the King, in order to supplement the King's income when needed. He founded the University of Kraków, although his death stalled the development of the university (and that's why today it is called Jagiellonian instead of Casimirian).
He organized a meeting of kings in Kraków in 1364 which showed the wealth of Polish kingdom.
Concession to Szlachta:
In order to enlist the support of nobleman (szlachta), especially the military help of pospolite ruszenie, Casimir was forced to give up important priviliges to their caste, which made them finally clearly dominant over townsfolk (burghers or mieszczanstwo).
In 1355 in Buda Casimir designates Louis of Anjou (Louis I of Hungary) as his successor. In exchange, szlachta's tax burden has been reduced and they would be no longer required to pay for military expeditions expenses outside Poland. Those important concessions would eventually lead to the rise of unique noble's democracy in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
His second daughter, Elisabeth, Duchess of Pomerania, bore a son 1351, named after her maternal grandfather. He became Casimir of Pomerania. He was thought to become the heir, but did not succeed. He died childless 1377, 7 years after King Casimir. He was the only male descendant of King Casimir who lived during his lifetime.
Also, his son-in-law Louis of Bavaria-Brandenburg was thought as a possible successor. However, he was not deemed very capable, and his wife died in 1357, without children.
Casimir was sonless. Apparently he deemed his own descendants either unsuitable to inherit or too young. Thus, in order to provide a clear line of succession without the problems of uncertainty, he arranged his sister Elisabeth, Dowager Queen of Hungary, and her son Louis, King of Hungary to be his successors in Poland. Louis was proclaimed king after Casimir's death 1370, and Elisabeth held much of the practical power until her death in 1380.
Many of the influential lords of Poland were unsatisfied with any personal union with Hungarians, and 12 years after Casimir's death, and only a couple of years after Elisabeth's death, in 1382 they refused to accept Louis's eldest surviving daughter Mary (Queen of Hungary) to succeed to the throne in Poland, too. They chose Mary's younger sister, Hedvig, as their new monarch, and she became "King" (=Queen Regnant) Jadwiga of Poland, thus restoring the independence that had been enjoyed during the reign of Casimir, twelve years earlier.
Relationship with Polish Jews:
He was favorably disposed toward Jews. On October 9, 1334, he confirmed the privileges granted to Jewish Poles in 1264 by Boleslaus V. Under penalty of death, he prohibited the kidnapping of Jewish children for the purpose of forcible Christian baptism. He inflicted heavy punishment for the desecration of Jewish cemeteries.
Casimir of Kujavia
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Ziemomysl of Kujavia ( - )
Mother: Salome of Pomerelia ( - )
Spouses and Children
1. *Unknown
Children:
1. Elisabeth of Kujavia ( - )
Catherine of Aragon , Queen of England
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: 15 Dec 1485 - Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Christening:
Death: 7 Jan 1536 - Kimbolton Castle, Hunts, England
Burial: 27 Jan 1536 - Peterborough Cathedral, Northampshire, England
Cause of Death: Most likely Cancer
Parents
Father: King Ferdinand V "The Catholic" of Spain (1452-1516)
Mother: Queen Isabella "The Catholic" of Castile (1451-1504)
Spouses and Children
1. *King Henry VIII Tudor , King of England (28 Jun 1491 - 28 Jan 1547)
Marriage: 11 Jun 1509 - Chapel of the Observant Friars, Greenwich, Kent, England
Status:
Children:
1. [Daughter] Tudor (1510-1510)
2. Duke Henry (1) Tudor (1511-1511)
3. Henry (2) Tudor , Prince of Wales (1513-1513)
4. [Son] Tudor (1514-1514)
5. Mary (1) Tudor , Queen of England (1516-1558)
6. [Daughter] Tudor (1518-1518)
2. Arthur , Prince of Wales (20 Sep 1486 - 2 Apr 1502)
Marriage: 14 Nov 1501 - St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England
Status:
Notes
General:
Crowned: Westminster Abbey -Michaelmas Day - 24 June 1509
Burke says Henry VIII Married Catherine 3 Jun 1509
CATHERINE OF ARAGON, pronounced AIR uh gahn (1485-1536), was the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. She was the daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. At the age of 15, she became the wife of Arthur, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King Henry VII of England. Arthur died five months later of Consumption. In 1509, Catherine married Arthur's younger brother, Henry VIII.
Of the six children born to Catherine, only Mary lived. She later became Queen Mary I. However, Henry wanted a male heir and was enchanted by Anne Boleyn, a lady in Catherine's court. He separated from Catherine in 1531 and secretly married Anne in 1533. Henry broke with the Roman Catholic Church when it refused to annul his marriage to Catherine. Although she never saw Henry after 1531, Catherine remained loyal to him and to the Catholic faith until she died.
The Reformation Parliament made Henry, Pope, as well as King. Hence, the marriage to Catherine was eventually annulled by his newly appointed Archbishop.
Catherine reverted to her title, Princess of Wales, given to her when she married Arthur. She lived out her days in exile at Amphill and Kimbolton manors with a tiny household, whose wages were always in arrears. Upon her death, Henry celebrated by dressing from head to toe in yellow.
Catherine of Burgundy
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: John the Fearless of Burgundy ( -1419)
Mother: Margaret of Bavaria Wittelsbach (1363-1424)
Catherine of France
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: 27 Oct 1401 - Hôtel de St Pol, Paris, France
Christening:
Death: 3 Jan 1437 - Abbey of St Saviour, Bermondsey, London, England
Burial: 1437 - Westminster Abbey, London, England
Cause of Death: Childbirth complications
Spouses and Children
1. *Henry V Plantagenet , King of England (9 Aug 1387 - 31 Aug 1422)
Marriage: 2 Jun 1420 - St John's Church Troyes, France
Status:
Children:
1. Henry VI Plantagenet , King of England (1421-1471)
2. Sir Owen Tudor (1400 - 4 Feb 1461)
Marriage: 1429
Status:
Children:
1. Edmund Tudor (1430-1456)
2. Thomas Tudor (1429- )
3. Jasper Tudor , 3rd Duke of Bedford, K.G. (1431-1495)
Notes
General:
Acceded: 23 Feb 1421
aka: Catherine de Valois
Owen Tudor and Catherine of France were secretly married
She was the youngest daughter of King Charles V1 of France.
Her relationship with Owen Tudor was never accepted by her royal in-laws. They did all that they could to pry the couple apart. They finally suceeded in 1436, by taking the couple's children away and forcing her to retire to Bermondsey Abbey.
Stammtafeln says died 1438. .
Research:
1 "The Royal Families of England Scotland & Wales by Burkes Peerage.".
2 "Stammtafeln says died 1438. Died in Childbirth.".
3p. 169. "The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England edited by Antonia Fraser Published in 1975 by Book Club Associates.".
Catherine of Poland
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: 1366
Christening:
Death: 1377
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Louis I the Great of Hungary (1326-1382)
Mother: Elizabeth of Bosnia (Abt 1340-1387)
Cecily , Abbess
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: 1056
Christening:
Death: 30 Jul 1126 - Caen, Normandy
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: William I of Normandy , William the Conqueror (Abt 1028-1087)
Mother: Matilda of Flanders (1031-1083)
Notes
General:
Aka: Cecily of Holy Trinity
Ceolwulf of Mercia King of Mercia
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: 823
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Private
Mother:
Spouses and Children
1. *Unknown
Children:
1. Elfleda ( - )
Notes
General:
Acceded: 821
Charlemagne Emperor of the West King of Franks
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: 2 Apr 742 - Ingolheim
Christening:
Death: 28 Jan 814 - Aachen
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Pepin III, "The Short" of Franks King of Franks (0715-0768)
Mother: Bertrada II of Laon ( -0783)
Spouses and Children
1. *Himiltude (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: Abt 768
Status:
Children:
1. Pepin the Hunchback Monk at Prüm (Abt 0769-0811)
2. Desideria (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: 770
Status:
3. Hildegarde of Vinzgau (758 - 30 Apr 783)
Marriage: 771 - Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen)
Status:
Children:
1. Pepin I of Italy King of Italy (Abt 0773-0810)
2. Charles the Younger Duke of Ingelheim (0772-0811)
3. Louis I the Pious of Aquitaine King of France (0778-0840)
Notes
General:
aka Charles the Great. King of the Lombards 774. Holy Roman Emperor.
Had two more mistresses:
Adalind, son Theodric (807-818) a cleric.
unknown, son Richbod (800-844) abbott of St-Riquier.
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