Alfonso IX of Leon
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: 15 Aug 1171 - Zamora, Castilla y León, Spain
Christening:
Death: 23-24 Sep 1230 - Villanueva de Sarria, Spain
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Berenguela (Berengaria) of Castile , Queen of Castile (1181 - 8 Nov 1246)
Marriage: 1197
Status:
Notes
General:
Alfonso IX of León (August 15, 1171 - September 23 or 24, 1230; ruled from 1188-1230), first cousin of Alfonso VIII of Castile, and numbered next to him as being a junior member of the family, is said by Ibn Khaldun to have been called the Baboso or "Slobberer", because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth.
Alfonso was the only son of King Ferdinand II of Leon and Urraca of Portugal. Though he took a part in the work of the re-conquest, this king is chiefly remembered by the difficulties into which his successive marriages led him with the pope. He was first married in 1191 to his cousin Teresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young.
The marriage was declared null by the pope, to whom Alfonso paid no attention till he was presumably tired of his wife. It cannot have been his conscience, which constrained him to leave Teresa, for his next step was to marry Berenguela of Castile in 1197, who was his second cousin. For this act of contumacy the king and kingdom were placed under interdict.
The pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that if the people could not obtain the services of religion they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters, in his will, he left his kingdom.
Alfonso's children by Teresa of Portugal were:
Sancha (c. 1192-1270)
Dulce, also called Aldonza (c. 1195-c.1243)
Fernando (1204-August 1214)
His eldest daughter, Sancha, was engaged to her cousin King Henry I of Castile, but Henry died in 1217 before the marriage could be solemnized. Wanting to disinherit his eldest son, Fernando, King Alfonso invited John of Brienne to marry his daughter Sancha and inherit the Leonese throne. However, Queen Berenguela convinced John of Brienne to marry one of her daughters instead. Though she was the nominal heiress on her father's death in 1230, Sancha was easily set aside by Berenguela and Fernando. Sancha became a nun at Cozollos, where she died in 1270; she was later beatified. Her sister Dulce-Aldonza spent her life with their mother in Portugal.
Alfonso's children by Berenguela of Castile were:
Leonor (1198/99-October 31, 1210)
King Fernando III (1200-
Berenguela (1201-1237), married John of Brienne
Alfonso, Lord of Molina (1203-1272)
Constanza (1205-September 7, 1242), became a nun at Las Huelgas
Research:
Florez, Enrique. Reinas Catolicas, 1761
1911 Encyclopedi Britannica
Alfred
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown - Winchester, England
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Edward the Elder King of England (0869-0924)
Mother: Ecgwyn ( -Abt 0901)
Notes
General:
A special favourite of his father's. He was made a co-partner in the
Kingdom. Unfortunately, he died young.
Alfred the Great King of West Saxons
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: 849 - Wantage, Berkshire, England
Christening:
Death: 28 Oct 899
Burial: in Hyde Abbey, Winchester
Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Ealhswith of Gaini (Unknown - 5 Dec 905)
Marriage: 868 - Winchester, England
Status:
Children:
1. AEfthryth ( -0929)
2. Private
3. Edmund (Abt 0870- )
4. Edward the Elder King of England (0869-0924)
Notes
General:
Alfred the Great reigned 871-899. He prevented the Danish conquest of England, defeating them at Edington(878) after a campaign of guerrila warfare.
After his victory he allowed the Danes to keep their conquests in Mercia nd East Anglia provided that Guthrum, their King, was converted to Christianity.
Alfred built a navy of Warships to defend the south coast against further Danish invasions (885-86;892-96) and protected Wessex with a chain of fortifications. He took London(886), thereby gaining control of all England except the Danish areas.
Algaut
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Unknown
Children:
1. Gauthild Algautsdottir ( - )
Algirdas of LITHUANIA , Grand Prince of Lithuania
Sex: M
Individual Information
Birth: Abt 1296
Christening:
Death: May 1377
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: King Gediminas of LITHUANIA ( -1341)
Mother: Wida, daughter of Widmund ( - )
Spouses and Children
1. *Unknown
Children:
1. Wladislaus II Jagiello , Grand Duke of Lithuania (1351-1434)
Notes
General:
Acceded: 1345
Reign: 1345-1377
Algirdas ,known as Olgierd in Slavic languages), b. ca. 1296, d. end of May, 1377, was the Grand Prince of Lithuania 1345 - 1377. He is widely regarded as the greatest ruler of medieval Lithuania. Probably the last pagan sovereign of Europe, he created a vast empire stretching from the Baltics to the Black Sea and reaching within 50 miles from Moscow.
Background:
Algirdas was one of the seven sons of the famous grand duke Gediminas among whom on his death in 1341 he divided his domains, leaving the youngest, Jaunutis, in possession of the capital, Vilnius, with a nominal priority. With the aid of his brother Kestutis, Algirdas in 1345 drove out the incapable Jaunutis and declared himself grand duke. The two and thirty years of his reign (1345-1377) were devoted to the development and extension of Lithuania, and he lived to make it one of the greatest states in Europe.
Two factors contributed to produce this result, the extraordinary political sagacity of Algirdas and the life-long devotion of his brother Kestutis. They divided their dominions so neatly, that Algirdas appears only in East Slavic sources, whereas the Western chronicles are aware of his brother only. The Teutonic knights in the north and the Tatar hordes in the south were equally bent on the subjection of Lithuania, while Algirdas' eastern and western neighbors, Muscovy and Poland, were far mere frequently hostile competitors than serviceable allies.
Expansion of Lithuania:
Nevertheless, Olgierd not only succeeded in holding his own, but acquired influence and territory at the expense of 1:0 to Muscovy and the Tatars, and extended the borders of Lithuania to the shores of the Black Sea. The principal efforts of this eminent empire-maker were directed to securing those of the Slavonic lands which had formed part of the ancient Kievan Rus. He procured the election of his son Andrew as prince of Pskov, and a powerful minority of the citizens of the republic of Novgorod held the balance in his favor against the Muscovite influence, but his ascendancy in both these commercial centers was at the best precarious.
On the other hand, he permanently acquired the important principalities of Smolensk and Bryansk in western Russia. On the whole, his relations with the grand dukes of Muscovy were friendly, and twice he married Orthodox Russian princesses; but this did not prevent him from unsccessgully besieging Moscow in 1368 and again in 1372.
Algirdas' most memorable feat was his great victory over the Tatars at the Blue Waters of the Southern Bug in 1362, which practically broke up the great Kipchak horde and compelled the khan to migrate still farther south and establish his headquarters for the future in the Crimea. Indeed, but for the unceasing, simultaneous struggle with the Teutonic knights, the burden of which was heroically borne by Kestutis, Russian historians frankly admit that Lithuania, not Muscovy, must have become the dominant power of Eastern Europe. Olgierd died in 1377, accepting both Christianity and the tonsure shortly before his death. His descendants included Troubetzkoys, Czartoryskis, and Sanguszkos.
Assessment:
Unlike his descendants, Algirdas wisely vacillated between Muscovy and Poland, spoke the Ruthenian language, and was more inclined to follow the majority of his Orthodox subjects rather than to alienate them by promoting Roman Catholicism. His son, Jagiello, ascended the Polish throne, and was the founder of the dynasty, which ruled Poland for nearly 200 years.
Alice of Blois
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Stephen II Henry of Blois (Abt 1045-1102)
Mother: Adela (1062-1137)
Spouses and Children
1. *Reginald III of Joigni (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: Unknown
Status:
Alice of Maurienne & Savoy
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: 1169
Christening:
Death: 1174
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Count Humbert of Maurienne & Savoy (Abt 1140- )
Mother:
Spouses and Children
1. *King John I "Lackland" Plantagenet (24 Dec 1166-1167 - 19 Oct 1216)
Marriage: Unknown
Status:
Alix of Flanders
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: 1346
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *John of Luxemburg (Unknown - 1364)
Marriage: 1330
Status:
Children:
1. Guy of Luxemburg ( -1371)
Alix von Valois
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: Unknown
Christening:
Death: Unknown
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Spouses and Children
1. *Theobald II of Blois (Abt 1019 - 1043)
Marriage: 1049
Status:
Alpaid
Sex: F
Individual Information
Birth: Abt 794
Christening:
Death: After 852
Burial:
Cause of Death:
Parents
Father: Louis I the Pious of Aquitaine King of France (0778-0840)
Mother: Unknown ( - )
Spouses and Children
1. *Count Bego (Unknown - Unknown)
Marriage: Unknown
Status:
Children:
1. Susannah Bego? (Abt 0805- )
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